Georges-Eugène Haussmann broadened Paris streets into boulevards

Dada is an artform that rejects logic. It is explained as anti-art.

Jeffrey Wall is a Canadian artist that uses backlight in his photographs.

David Hockney is an English pop-art artist

A dérive is a real situationist thing. One goes into movement just for the ssake of moving and explores the urban network. It is mostly an individual activity, carried out by people who want to understand the psychogeographical structure of modern cities. Using a dérive, situationists try to show how to better the world.

Jan van Toorn believes that there should be more to a design than what you see, so you have to "get to know" a design. In 1972, he had debates with Wim Crouwel, who thinks design should be purely functional.

Jan Tschichold was a German graphic designer who, influenced by Bauhaus, designed simplified layouts. He designed pocket books for Penguin Books in London.

Drawing realistic land- and cityscapes was a tradition in the Low Countries. This tradition was carried to Rome and became known as the art of making vedutes. It was important that not only buildings, but also their surroundings were shown. They were popular in the 18th century, for people to show at home after they made a Grande Tour.

The Dam Palace has been used by kings Willem I, II and III, but was in the 1930's still the property of the city of Amsterdam. Because maintainance was too expensive, the city sold it to the State in 1935, after which it became the winter residence of queen Wilhelmina I. Nowadays, it is used only on special occasions and state visits.

Florence and Venice had different opinions about art. Florence valued disegno, a way of painting that was close to nature and was started by drawing lines, while Venetian artists chose the colorito approach, where they used different layers of paint to achieve rich colors.

Joseph Kosuth believed that the idea is best in your head. You can either see or not see the idea behind an artwork, there is no in between. This is an example of the rational author-based design. Sol Lewitt believed that the concept is the rule. He starts off with an idea, without knowing what the end result would be. This is irrational rule-based design.

Lawrence Weiner believes that a work of art need not be made: if a description about the artwork is read, it is enough. Most of Weiner's works consist of text written on the wall.